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The Liechtenstein Garden Palace in Vienna, seen from the East   Bernardo Bellotto (1722–1780)

The Liechtenstein Garden Palace in Vienna, seen from the East

Bernardo Bellotto (1722–1780)

1759/60

this site may contain automatically translated text
Das Gartenpalais Liechtenstein in Wien von Osten

Bernardo Bellotto was Canaletto’s nephew and pupil, and like Canaletto he was almost exclusively a specialist painter of what the Italians term ‘vedute’. The word literally means ‘views’, but vedute were never pure landscapes but instead architectural prospects, either of individual buildings or of townscapes. Bellotto left Venice at a young age, and after spending time in and around Milan, he made his way to Dresden, where he worked for Augustus III and Count Heinrich von Brühl for a decade, creating large format views of the Elector of Saxony’s capital and Pirna (of which two versions are in the Princely Collections, GE2503 und GE 2581, too). At the beginning of the Seven Years’ War, he moved on to Vienna, where he was based from 1759 to 1760, before spending the final years of his career at the court of King Stanislaus Poniatowski of Poland in Warsaw.
During his time in Vienna, Bellotto produced no fewer than thirteen canvases for the Empress Maria Theresa, a single one for her Chancellor, Count Kaunitz, and the pair with views of the Liechtenstein Garden Palace for Prince Joseph Wenzel I von Liechtenstein. They both take as their subject his Garden Palace, which had been erected to the design of the Lucchese architect Domenico Martinelli between 1692 and 1706 as opposed to the nearby City Palace. Bellotto consciously chose to represent the garden side of the palace, as opposed to its more formal façade, and even the viewpoints adopted are far from conventional.
In the canvas showing the palace from the so called Belvedere the palace is admittedly seen frontally, but it is shown off-centre, and the foreground is dominated by a great curving staircase. To the extreme right stands a stylishly dressed aristocratic figure, who has been plausibly identifed as Prince Joseph Wenzel himself. The sun shines brightly on the parterres, the statuary, and the palace, but – and this is almost a signature of Bellotto’s – the shadows are strikingly black.
The companion view is arguably even bolder in its arrangement. Once again, there are figures on the foreground terrace – seemingly a seated mistress and her maid accompanied by a young man, this time with a single black spaniel – but here their identities are less straightforward, although the lady in pink may be the Princess. The eye is led along the balustrade with its many sandstone sculptures over the newly founded quarter of Lichtental with its church, up to the summit of the Kahlenberg. From there the relief troops under Jan Sobieski came and defeated the Ottoman army in 1683. In the middle ground on the left is the Belvedere, designed by Fischer von Erlach, which gives an architectural frame to the view of the Kahlenberg. The rear façade of the Garden Palace is shown at the left margin from a sharply foreshortened angle, while the view down into the courtyard discloses a red-wheeled horse-drawn carriage. In both canvases Vienna inevitably serves as a backdrop, and some of the buildings – such as the Stephansdom – are happily still major features of the city’s skyline.

Material/technique
oil on canvas
Measurements
100 × 160 cm
Acquisition
acquired in 1759/60 by Prince Joseph Wenzel I von Liechtenstein
Artists/makers/authors
Bernardo Bellotto
Detailed information
Inventory number
GE 887
Provenance
acquired in 1759/60 by Prince Joseph Wenzel I von Liechtenstein
Place depicted
Garden palace exterior
Iconography
Architectural depiction ,  Veduta
Literature
Monika J. Knofler, Das Theresianische Wien. Der Alltag in den Bildern Canalettos, Wien–Köln–Graz 1979, S. 109-110, Abb. 36

Hans Tietze (Hg.), Alt-Wien in Wort und Bild. Teil I: Vom Ausgang des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des XVIII. Jahrhunderts. Teil II: Das vormärzliche Wien, Wien 1926, Teil I, Abb. Taf. 102

Hans Sedlmayr, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Wien–München 1956, S. 218

Elisabeth Castellani Zahir, Die Wiederherstellung von Schloss Vaduz 1904 bis 1914. Burgendenkmalpflege zwischen Historismus und Moderne, Historischer Verein für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein (Hg.), 2 Bde., Stuttgart 1993, Bd. II, S. 75, Abb. 59

Ann Tizia Leitich, Vienna gloriosa. Weltstadt des Barock. Mit 24 ganzseitigen Tafeln in Vierfabendruck und 120 Textbildern, Wien 1947, Tafel nach S. 128

Katalog der Kaiserin-Maria-Theresia-Ausstellung., 4. Aufl., Wien 1888, S. 105, Kat.-Nr. 1148

Karl Höss, Fürst Johann II. von Liechtenstein und die bildende Kunst, Wien 1908, S. 22 u. 137

W. von Seidlitz, U. Thieme - F. Becker, Bd. 5, Bd. Bd. 5, Leipzig 1911, S. 488

G. Ferrari, I due Canaletto: Antonio Canal, Bernardo Bellotto, pittori, Turin 1914, Abb. Taf. 40

Hans Tietze, Domenico Martinelli und seine Tätigkeit in Oesterreich, in: Jahrbuch des kunsthistorischen Institutes des österreichischen Staatsdenkmalamtes 13 1919, S. 22, Abb. 17

T. Borenius, A Canaletto Curiosity, in: The Burlington Magazine 39 1921, S. 108ff., Abb. IId

A.S. Levetus, Bernardo Bellotto Canaletto in Vienna, in: Studio 86 1923, S. 125

Adolf Kronfeld, Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien, 3. Aufl., Wien 1931, S. 178, Kat. 887

H.A. Fritzsche, Bernardo Bellotto genannt Canaletto, Burg 1936, S. 64-65, 102, 115, Nr. 110, Abb. 85

Erich V. Strohmer, Die Gemäldegalerie des Fürsten Liechtenstein in Wien, Wien–Leipzig 1943, S. 93-94, Abb. 22

A. Trost, Canalettos Wiener Ansichten, Wien 1947, S. 17, 25, Nr. 15, Abb. 15

C. Donzelli, I pittori veneti del settecento, Florenz 1957, S. 17

G. De Logu, Pittura veneziana dal XIV al XVIII secolo, Bergamo 1958, S. 204

G. Heinz, Ausst.-Kat. Bernardo Bellotto genannt Canaletto, Wien 1965, S. 59, 66, Nr. 54, Abb. 75

Stefan Kozakiewicz, Bernardo Bellotto genannt Canaletto, Wien 1965, S. 20, 22

Stefan Kozakiewicz, Bernardo Bellotto genannt Canaletto, Bd. I, 2 Bde., Recklinghausen 1972, S. 114ff., Bd. II, S. 219-220, Nr. 277, Abb. auf S. 217

Ettore Camesasca, L'opera completa del Bellotto (Classici dell'arte), Bd. 78, Milano 1974, S. 84, 107, Nr. 163, Abb. 163

P. Pötschner, Wien und die Wiener Landschaft, Salzburg 1978, S. 287, Nr. 30, Abb. 30

E. Neubauer, Wiener Barockgärten in zeitgenössischen Veduten, Dortmund 1980, S. 43, Abb. Taf. II

Reinhold Baumstark, Meisterwerke der Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. Gemälde, Zürich–München 1980, S. 62, Kat.-Nr. 25, Tafel 25

Keith Christiansen, Ausst.-Kat. Liechtenstein. The Princely Collections, New York 1985, S. 6-7, Kat. 2

Ausst.-Kat. Fünf Jahrhunderte italienische Kunst aus den Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein, Uwe Wieczorek (Hg.), Liechtensteinische Staatliche Kunstsammlung, Vaduz 1994, erschienen Bern 1994, S. 104-105 u. 156-157, Kat. 45

Ausst.-Kat. Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein, Uwe Wieczorek, Paul Reiles, Jean Luc Koltz (Hg.), Museée national d'histoire et d'art Luxembourg, Luxemburg 8.7.1995–3.9.1995, erschienen Luxemburg 1995, S. 18–19, Kat.-Nr. 2

Ausst.-Kat. Collections du Prince de Liechtenstein, Uwe Wieczorek, Paul Reiles, Jean Luc Koltz (Hg.), Musée national d’histoire et d’art de Luxembourg, Luxemburg 8.7.1995–3.9.1995, erschienen Luxemburg 1995, S. 30 u. 33, Nr. 2, Textband S. 18-19, Kat. 2

Johann Kräftner, Ausst.-Kat. Neoclassicismo e Biedermeier, Wien 2004, S. 69, Abb. S. 66, Kat. I.19

Ausst.-Kat. Neoclassicism and Biedermeier, Johann Kräftner, Liechtenstein Museum, Wien 29.3.2004–7.11.2004, erschienen Wien 2004, S. 69, Abb. S. 66, Kat. I.19

Johann Kräftner, Andrea Stockhammer, Liechtenstein Museum Wien. Le Collezioni, München 2004, Abb. S. 44

Johann Kräftner, Andrea Stockhammer, Liechtenstein Museum Vienna. The Collections, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), München–Berlin–London–New York 2004, Abb. S. 44

Ausst.-Kat. Klassizismus und Biedermeier. Liechtenstein Museum Wien, Stefan Körner, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), Liechtenstein Museum, Wien 29.3.2004–7.11.2004, erschienen München–Berlin–London–New York 2004, S. 69, Abb. S. 66, Kat. I.19

Johann Kräftner, Andrea Stockhammer, Liechtenstein Museum Wien. Die Sammlungen, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), München–Berlin–London–New York 2004, Abb. S. 44

Gottfried Knapp, Ein Haus für die Künste. Das Gartenpalais in der Rossau. Zur Architektur des Liechtenstein Museum Wien / A House for the Arts. The Garden Palace in the Rossau. On the architecture of the Liechtenstein Museum Vienna / Una dimora per le arti. Il Palazzo Liechtenstein nella Rossau. L'architettura del Liechtenstein Museum Vienna, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), München–Berlin–London–New York 2004, Abb. S. 16-18

Ausst.-Kat. Giovanni Giuliani (1664–1744). Liechtenstein Museum Wien, Luigi A. Ronzoni, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), Liechtenstein Museum, Wien 13.3.2005–2.10.2005, 2 Bde., erschienen München–Berlin–London–New York 2005, S. 379-382, Kat. 208

Ausst.-Kat. Der Blick in die Ferne. Landschaftsmalerei aus den Sammlungen des Fürsten von und zu Liechtenstein. 15. bis 19. Jahrhundert, Johann Kräftner, Alexandra Hanzl, Kathrine Klopf-Weiss, Liechtenstein Museum (Hg.), Kunstmuseum, Luzern, 9.8.2008–5.10.2008, erschienen Wien 2008, S. 53-55, Abb. S. 55 Nr. 55

Ausst.-Kat. Bernardo Bellotto. Il Canaletto delle corti europee, Dario Succi, Annalia Delneri, Andreas Henning, Johann Kräftner, Andrzej Rottermund, Piotr Majewski, Davide Dotti, erschienen Conegliano 2011, Abb. 160/161, 157

Ausst.-Kat. Splendeurs des Collections du Prince de Liechtenstein / Splendours of the Collections of the Prince of Liechtenstein, Alexandra Hanzl, Kathrine Klopf-Weiss, Johann Kräftner, Brigitte Lackner, Michael Schweller, Arthur Stögmann, Johann Kräftner, Caroline Messensee (Hg.), Palais Lumière, Evian 4.6.2011–2.10.2011, erschienen Montreuil 2011, Abb. 24

Ausst.-Kat. Distant Prospects.
European Landscape Paintings from LIECHTENSTEIN. The Princely Collections, Manarat Al Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi 26.2.2019–25.3.2019, erschienen Abu Dhabi 2019, S. 71, Abb. 49

Ausst.-Kat. Zauber des Realen. Bernardo Bellotto am sächsischen Hof, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Hg.), Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Dresden 21.5.–28.8.2022, erschienen Dresden 2022, S. 217, Kat.-Nr. 45

Carina A. E. Weißmann, Die Bronzen des Massimiliano Soldani Benzi (1656–1740). Repräsentationsstrategien des europäischen Adels um 1700 (Sammler, Sammlungen, Sammlungskulturen in Wien und Mitteleuropa/Forschungen aus dem Vienna Center for the History of Collecting), Sebastian Schütze (Hg.), Bd. 3, Berlin–Boston 2022, S. 152, Abb. 115

Ausst.-Kat. Treuer Fürst. Joseph Wenzel I. von Liechtenstein und seine Kunst. Eine Ausstellung in der Reihe MÄRZ IM PALAIS im Gartenpalais Liechtenstein, Johann Kräftner, Katharina Leithner, Arthur Stögmann, Johann Kräftner (Hg.), Gartenpalais Liechtenstein, Wien 1.–31.3.2022, erschienen Wien 2023, S. 166, Kat.-Nr. 93

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Das Gartenpalais Liechtenstein in Wien vom Belvedere

Counterpiece

The Liechtenstein Garden Palace in Vienna, seen from the Belvedere

Bernardo Bellotto

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